Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAbout18 Review Consumer Confidence Reportsenda Item # To: Board of Directors From. Brian Wright Date. May 04, 2016 Subject: Review the 2015 TDPUD Consumer Confidence Reports (Water Quality Reports) 1. WHY THIS MATTER IS BEFORE THE BOARD Water Department staff has prepared the 2015 Consumer Confidence Reports. Prior to distribution to our customers, staff reviews the reports with the Board. 2. HISTORY The 1996 amendment to the Safe Drinking Water Act requires public water systems to deliver to their customers an annual water quality report, referred to as the Consumer Confidence Report (CCR). The CCR summarizes annual water quality information including source water, levels of detected contaminants, and compliance with regulatory agencies. The District prepares two reports: one report for the Truckee -Main water system and a second report for the Hirschdale water system. The State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) requires the District to mail or direct deliver a copy of the appropriate report to each of its customers no later than July 1st of each year. In 2012, the State included a provision that allows the District to provide customers with a "one -click" weblink access to the CCR in lieu of mailing a printed copy. 3. NEW INFORMATION The 2015 Consumer Confidence Reports have been prepared by the District's Water Division and approved by the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB). There were no reportable violations over the Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL) set by State and Federal regulatory agencies. Customers will be notified in their June monthly water and electric bills that the CCR's are now ready to be viewed via a "one -click" link on the District website. Printed copies of the CCR will be made available for customers upon request. The Truckee. Main Water System and Hirschdale Water System reports are included as Attachments 1 and 2 respectively. 4. FISCAL IMPACT The costs associated with the preparation and distribution of the 2015 Consumer Confidence Report are included in the Board approved FY16/17 Water Operations Budget. 5. RECOMMENDATION Receive this report and provide input to staff. Michael D. Holley General Manager / Water Utility Manager ATTACHMENTI �TRUCKEE DONNER Public Utility District TruCkee Donner PUD11C Utility ®istrict Truckee Donner Public Utility District (TDPUD) vigilantly safeguards its mountain groundwater supplies Last year, your tap water met all EPA and State drinking water health standards. This brochure is a snapshot of the quality of wa- ter provided to customers for the 2015 calendar year. Included in this pamphlet are details about where your water comes from, what it contains, and how it compares to State and USEPA Standards. TDPUD is committed to providing you with the information about your water supply because customers who are well informed are the District's best allies in supporting improvements that are neces- sary to maintain the highest drinking water standards. For More Information • About this report or the water treatment process, contact Truck- ee Donner Public Utility District's Senior Water Quality Tech, Julie Nelson at (530) 582-3926. • About water conservation and efficiency, the TDPUD has new water conservation programs that will help customers save wa- ter and save money. Information can be found on the TDPUD's website at www.tdpud.org or by calling (530) 582-3931. Customer Views Are Welcome If you are interested in participating in the decision -making pro- cess of the Truckee Donner Public Utility District, you are welcome to attend Board meetings. The Board of Directors meet at 6:00 PM on the first and third Wednesday of each month in the TDPUD Board room located at 11570 Donner Pass Road, Truckee, Califor- nia. Agendas for upcoming meetings may be obtained on our web - site at www.tdpud.org or from the Deputy District Clerk's office, (530) 582-3909. Este informe contiene informacion muy importante sobre su agua potable. Traduzcalo o hable con alguien que to entienda Bien. Lead and Copper The Lead and Copper Monitoring Rule (LCMR) was established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1991 with the goal of reducing exposures to harmful levels of lead (Pb) and copper (Cu). According to the EPA, lead has been known to cause damage to the brain, red blood cells and the kidney, especially in children and pregnant women. Copper has been known to cause stomach and in- testinal distress, liver and kidney damage, and complications of Wilson's disease in genetically predisposed individuals. The current MCL for lead (Pb) is .015 mg/L, and for copper is 1.3 mg/L. Sources of lead and copper contamination in public drinking water systems can be traced back to lead service lateral pipe materials, as well as residential plumbing that contains copper with lead based solder. Leaching of lead and copper from residential plumbing into drinking water is enhanced by the corrosive properties of the water, if not properly man- aged. The TDPUD water distribution system does not contain lead water service laterals that the District's staff is aware of. The LCMR initial sampling requirements call for lead an copper testing to be completed every six months. Once compliance has been established, the sampling requirements are reduced to every three years. The last sampling period for the Truckee Main System was in 2013, where all 30 of the District's sampling locations tested "non -detect" for lead and copper. The next round of sampling will take place in the Summer of 2016. The last round of sampling for the Hirschdale System was in 2015, where all five sample locations tested "non - detect" for lead and copper. Recent reports and news stories related to the lead exposures within the Flint, Michigan public water system may have generated ques- tions or concerns regarding risks associated with local water supplies. It is important to understand that the conditions faced by Flint, Mich- igan and other regions are significantly different than those faced locally with respect to water chemistry and plumbing infrastructure. If you are concerned about lead in your water, you may wish to have your water tested. Information on lead and copper in drinking water, testing methods, and steps you can take to minimize exposure is available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline or at http://www.epa.gov/ TERMS USED IN THIS REPORT Detected Compounds: The State allows us to monitor for some contaminants less than once per year because the concen- trations of these contaminants do not change frequently. Some of our data, though representative, are more than one year old. Not listed are the hundreds of other compounds for which we tested that were not detected. Regulated Contaminants with Secondary MCLs (a): There are no PHGs, MCLGs, or mandatory standard health effects lan- guage for these constituents because secondary MCLs are set on the basis of aesthetics. Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL): The highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. Primary MCLs are set as close to the PHGs (or MCLGs) as is economically and technologically feasible. Secondary MCLs are set to protect the odor, taste and appearance of drinking water. Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG): The level of a contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MCLGs are set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Public Health Goal (PHG): The level of a contaminate in drinking water below which there is no known or expected risk to health. PHGs are set by the California Environmental Protection Agency. Primary Drinking Water Standards (PDWS): MCLs and MRDLs for contaminants that affect health along with their monitor- ing and reporting requirements, and water treatment requirements. Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level (MRDL): The highest level of a disinfectant allowed in drinking water. There is con- vincing evidence that addition of a disinfectant is necessary for control of microbial contaminants. Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal (MRDLG): The level of a drinking water disinfectant below which there is no known or expected risk of health. MRDLGs do not reflect the benefits of the use of disinfectants to control microbial contaminants. Secondary Drinking Water Standards (SDWS): MCLs for contaminants that affect taste, odor, or appearance of the drink- ing water. Contaminants with SDWSs do not affect the health a the MCL levels. Regulatory Action Level (AL) : The concentration of a contaminant which, if exceeded, triggers treatment or other requirements which a water system must follow. Radiochemical Parameters —Compounds found in drinking water which emit radiation. Microbial Parameters —Disease -causing organisms that, at certain levels, may be harmful. Additional information about Cryptos- poridiurn and Giardia is supplied in this report. Unregulated Compounds Analyzed —Unregulated Compounds Analyzed— Unregulated compounds that the Truckee Donner Public Utility District has tested for. These compounds are not known to be associated with adverse health effects. TABLE KEY N/D— not detectable at testing limit ppm—Parts per million, or milligrams per liter (mg/L) ppb—Parts per billion, or micrograms per liter (ug/L) NS/cm—Micro Siemens per centimeter > -Greater than pCi/L (Picocuries per Liter) - A measure of radioactivity. N/T— not tested N/A —Not Applicable ACU (Apparent Color Unit) - A measure of color in drinking water. Radon Radon is a radioactive gas that you cannot see, taste, or smell. It is found throughout the U.S. Radon can move up through the ground and into a home through cracks and holes in the foundation. Radon can build up to high levels in all types of homes. Ra- don can also get into indoor air when released from tap water from showering, wash- ing dishes, and other household activities. Compared to radon entering the home through soil, radon entering the home through tap water will in most cases be a small source of radon in indoor air. Radon is a known human carcinogen. Breathing air containing radon can lead to lung cancer. Drinking water containing radon may also cause increased risk of stomach cancer. If you are concerned about radon in your home, test the air in your home. Testing is inexpensive and easy. You should pursue radon removal for your home if the level of radon in your air is 4 picocuries per liter of air (pCi/L) or higher. There are simple ways to fix a radon problem that are not too costly. For additional information, call your State radon program (1-800-745-7236), the EPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline (1-800-426-4791), or the National Safety Council Radon Hotline (1-800-SOS-RADON). No Cryptosporidium or Giardia in District Water You may have seen or heard news reports about Cryptosporidium and Giardia, micro- scopic organisms that can enter surface waters from run-off containing animal wastes. If ingested, Cryptosporidium and Giardia can cause diarrhea, fever and other gastro- intestinal symptoms. Because the Truckee Donner Public Utility District's water comes from deep wells rather than surface water, it is almost impossible to have these contaminants in the District's water supply. Arsenic While your drinking water meets the current Federal and State standards for arsenic, it does contain low levels of arsenic. The standard balances the current understanding of arsenic's possible health effects against the costs of removing arsenic from drinking water. The USEPA continues to research the health effects of low levels of arsenic, which is a mineral known to cause cancer in humans at high concentrations and is linked to other health effects such as skin damage and circulatory problems. Glenshire Drive Well: The Glenshire Drive Well water is blended with the Prosser Village Well and the Old Greenwood Well prior to any connection to the consumer. The well was in use from May to October in 2015. The Arsenic test re- sults at the blending point ranged from a low of 5.0 ppb to a high of 5.5 ppb with an average of 5.3 ppb. source Water Assessment A source water assessment was prepared in 2002 for the wells serving the Truckee area. The wells are considered most vulnerable to the fol- lowing activities not associated with any detected contaminants: sewer collection systems, utility stations, railroads, and herbicide use. A copy of the complete assessment may be viewed at the Truckee Donner Public Utility District office locat- ed at 11570 Donner Pass Road, Truckee, CA or by calling Brian Wright at (530) 582-3957. Some people may be more vulnerable to con- taminants in drinking water than the general pop- ulation. Immuno-compromised persons such as persons with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, people who have undergone organ transplants, people with HIV/AIDS or other immune system disorders, some elderly, and infants can be par- ticularly at risk from infections. These people should seek advice about drinking water from their health care providers. USEPA/Centers for Disease Control (CDC) guidelines on appropriate means to lessen the risk of infection by Cryptos- poridium and other microbial contaminants are available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 1 800-426-4791, Drinking water, including bottled wa- ter, may reasonably be expected to contain at least small amounts of some contaminants. The presence of contaminants does not necessarily cate that water poses a health risk. More information about contaminants and potential health effects can be obtained by calling the USEPA's Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 1-800- 426-4791 or at http: water,epa.gov/drink/ GENERAL INFORMATION The sources of drinking water (both tap water and bottled water) include rivers, lakes, streams, ponds, reservoirs, springs and wells. As water travels over the surface of the land or through the ground, it dissolves naturally -occurring minerals and, in some cases, radioactive material, and can pick up substances resulting from the presence of animals or from human activity. Contaminants that may be present in source water include: •Microbial contaminants, such as viruses and bacteria, that may come from sewage treatment plants, septic systems, agricultural live- stock operations and wildlife. *Inorganic contaminants, such as salts and metals, that can be naturally -occurring or result from urban stormwater runoff, industrial or domestic wastewater discharges, oil and gas production, mining, or farming. •Pesticides and herbicides, that may come from a variety of sources such as agricultural, urban storm -water runoff and residential uses. •Organic chemical contaminants, including synthetic and volatile organic chemicals, that are by-products of industrial processes and petroleum production, and can also come from gas stations, urban storm -water runoff, agricultural application, and septic systems. •Radioactive contaminants, that can be naturally -occurring or be the result of oil and gas production and mining activities. In order to ensure that tap water is safe to drink, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the State Department of Public Lm alth (Department) prescribe regulations that limit the amount of certain contaminants in water provided by public water systems. Depart- ent regulations also establish limits for contaminants in bottled water that must provide the same protection for public health. TA Typical Source of Bacteria iNIicrobiological Contaminants Highest No. No. of months in violation MCL 1N4CLG of Detections Total Coliform Bacteria 0 0 More than 2 samples in a 0 Naturally present in the environment month with a detection TABLE 2 — DISINTECTION BYPRODUCTS Contaminant # Samples, Average Range NICL il4CLG Typical Source of Contaminant Frequency Level 40-50 per 0.37- Drinking water disinfectant added for Chlorine Residual (ppm) month 0.37 0.45 4 4 treatment By-product of drinking water disinfection Total Trihalomethanes (ppb) 2 on 8/12/15 3.75 3.3-4.2 80 N/A `LE 3 — DISTRIB MUSTONMER TAP SAMPLING FOR LEAD AND COPP71 90m No. of percentile No. sites Lead and Copper Sample Date samples AL PHG Typical Source of Contaminant level exceeding AL collected detected Internal corrosion of household water August plumbing systems; discharges from Lead (ppb) 2013 30 N/D 0 15 0.2 industrial manufacturers; erosion of natural deposits Internal corrosion of household August plumbing systems; erosion of natural Copper (ppm) 2013 30 0.054 0 1.3 0.3 deposits; leaching from wood preservatives TABLE 4 — SAMPLING RESULTS FOR SODIUM AND HARDIN�S Chemical or Constituent Sample Date (reporting units) Level Detected Range of Detections MCL PHG (MCLG) Typical Source of Contaminant 2006 — Salt present in the water and is generally Sodium (ppm) 2014 11.1 3.5-29 N/A N/A naturally occurring Sum of polyvalent cations present 2006 — in the water, generally magnesium and Hardness (ppm) 66 41-97 N/A N/A calcium, and are usually naturally -occurring 2014 TABLE 5 — DETECTION OF CONTAMINANTS WITH A PRIMARY DRINKING WATER ST PHG Chemical oil Constituent Sample Date Sample Level Detected Range of Detections MCL Typical Source of Contaminant (reporting units) VVIRDL] Inorganic ]14RDLG] 2011- Erosion of natural deposits Arsenic (ppb) 3.10 N/D-9.9 10 0.004 2015 2006- Erosion of natural deposits Fluoride (ppm) 0.11 N/D-0. I 2.0 I 2014 Runoff and leaching from fertilizer use; Nitrate as NO3 (ppm) 2014 1.10 N/D-4.9 45 45 leaching from septic tanks and sewage; erosion of natural deposits Nitrate as N (ppm) 2015 0.16 N/D-0.4 10 10 Radioactive Gross Alpha Particle G 2005 - Erosion of natural deposits 3A N/D-3.4 15 0 Activity (pCi/L) 2014 Erosion of natural deposits Radon (pCi/L) 2004 545 530-560 N/A* N/A* *Note The State of California does not have an MCL for Radon. The EPA has an advisory MCL of 4000 pCi/L for Radon. TALI E 6 —DETECTION OF CONTAiViINANTS WITI3 A SECONDARY Dot IfI YCQ W4,TER STAtYDARD Chemical or Constituent Sample Date Level Detected Range of Detections -IN1CL PHG (NICLG) Typical Source of Contaminant (reporting units) 2006- Naturally -occurring organic materials Color (ACU) 2014 0.75 N/D-5.0 15 15 2006- Leaching of natural deposits Chloride (ppm) 2014 7.88 N/D-53 250 250 2006- Erosion of natural deposits Copper (ppm) 2014 7.57 NID-87 1000 1000 2006- Leaching of natural deposits Manganese (ppb) 2014 6.40 N/D-6.4 50 50 2006- Naturally -occurring organic Odor -Threshold 2014 0.75 N/D-2 3 materials 2006- EN/A] Leaching of natural deposits PH 2O14 8.00 7.1-8.3 N/A Specific Conductance 2006- Substances that form ions when in 2014 183.30 N/D-360 1600 1600 water. (µS/em) 2006- Leaching of natural deposits Sulfate 2014 2.91 N/D-16 500 500 Total Dissolved Solids 2006- Leaching of natural deposits 2014 121.80 NID-230 1000 1000 (ppm) nTTn(m%unnFKIT 9 1 1 / 1 ... • - - 1 Truckee Donner Public Utility District 2015 WATER QUALITY REPORT rschdal�Wa � _� tem 011 Customer Views Are Welcome If you are interested in participating in the decision -making process of the Truckee Donner Public Utility District, you are welcome to attend Board meetings. The Board of Directors meet at 6:00 PM on the first and third Wednesday of each month in the TDPUD Board room located at 11570 Donner Pass Road, Truckee, California. Agendas for upcoming meetings may be obtained on our website at ww.tdpud.org or from the Deputy District Clerk's office, (530) 582- 3909. For More Information ➢ About this report or the water treatment process, contact Truckee Donner Public Utility District's Senior Water Quality Tech, Julie Nelson at (530) 582-3926. ➢ About water conservation and efficiency, the TDPUD has new water conservation programs that will help customers save water and save money. Information can be found on the TDPUD's website at www.tdpud.org or contact TDPUD's Conservation Department at (530) 582-3931. V RUCKEE DONNER public Utility District HIRSCHDALE WATER SYSTEM ■ N For more information about us, please visit our website at: www,tdpud. org Este informe contiene informacion muy importante sobre su agua potable. Traduzcalo o hable con alguien que to entienda bien. Water Quality Truckee Donner Public Utility District vigilantly safeguards its mountain groundwater supplies. We are able to report that the District has met the California Department of Public Health drinking water standards. This brochure is a snapshot of the quality of water provided to customers for the 2015 calendar year. Included in this pamphlet are details about where your water comes from, what it contains, and how it compares to State and USEPA Standards, Truckee Donner Public Utility District is committed to providing you with the information about your water supply because customers who are well informed are the District's best allies in supporting improvements that are necessary to maintain the highest drinking water standards. Some people may be more vulnerable to contaminants in drinking water than the general population. Immuno-compromised persons such as persons with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, people who have undergone organ transplants, people with HIV/AIDS or other immune system disorders, some elderly individuals, and infants can be particularly at risk from infections. These people should seek advice about drinking water from their health care providers. USEPA/Centers for Disease Control (CDC) guidelines on appropriate means to lessen the risk of infection by Cryptosporidium and other microbiological contaminants are available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 1-8004264791. Where Does Our Water Come From The source of the drinking water served to our Hirschdale customers comes from a well drawing from a deep aquifer. We filter this water to remove iron, manganese, and arsenic before delivering it to your tap. Additionally, each month the system is sampled for microbial quality. Because of natural filtration, the groundwater aquifer is protected from surface water contamination, giving us a high quality of drinking water. Source Water Assessment A source water assessment has been completed for the well serving the Hirschdale area. The well is considered most vulnerable to the following activities not associated with any detected contaminants: septic systems, drinking water treatment plants, and transportation corridors. A copy of the complete assessment may be viewed at the Truckee Donner Public Utility District located at 11570 Donner Pass Road, Truckee, CA or by calling Brian Wright at (530) 582-3957. No Cryptosporidium or Giardia in District Water You may have seen or heard news reports about Cryptosporidium and Giardia, microscopic organisms that can enter surface waters from run- off containing animal wastes. If ingested, Cryptospridium and Giardia can cause diarrhea, fever and other gastrointestinal symptoms. Because Truckee Donner Public Utility District's water comes from deep wells rather than surface water, it is almost impossible to have these contaminants in the District's water supply. Radon Radon is a radioactive gas that you cannot see, taste, or smell. It is found throughout the U.S. Radon can move up through the ground and into a home through cracks and holes in the foundation. Radon can build up to high levels in all types of homes. Radon can also get into indoor air when released from tap water from showering, washing dishes, and other household activities. Compared to radon entering the home through soil, radon entering the home through tap water will in most cases be a small source ofradon in indoor air. Radon is a known human carcinogen. Breathing air containing radon can lead to lung cancer. Drinking water containing radon may also cause increased risk of stomach cancer. If you are concerned about radon in your home, test the air in your home. Testing is inexpensive and easy. You should pursue radon removal for your home if the level of radon in your air is 4 picocuries per liter of air (pCi/L) or higher. There are simple ways to fix a radon problem that are not too costly. For additional information, call your State radon program (1-800-745-7236), the EPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline (1-800-426- 4791), or the National Safety Council Radon Hotline (1-800-SOS- RADON). Lead and Copper The Lead and Copper Monitoring Rule (LCMR) was established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1991 with the goal of reducing exposures to harmful levels of lead (Ph) and copper (Cu). According to the EPA, lead has been known to cause damage to the brain, red blood cells and the kidney, especially in children and pregnant women. Copper has been known to cause stomach and intestinal distress, liver and kidney damage, and complications of Wilson's disease in genetically predisposed individuals. The current MCL for lead (Pb) is .015 mg/L, and for copper is 1.3 mg/L. Sources of lead and copper contamination in public drinking water systems can be traced back to lead service I pipe materials, as well as residential plumbing that contains copper with Iead based solder. Leaching of lead and copper from residential plumbing into drinking water is enhanced by the corrosive properties of the water, if not properly managed. The TDPUD water distribution system does not contain lead water service laterals that the District's staff is aware of. The LCMR initial sampling requirements call for lead an copper testing to be completed every six months. Once compliance has been established, the sampling requirements are reduced to every three years. The last round of sampling Jul the Hirschdale System was in 2015, where all five sample locations tested "non - detect" for lead and copper. If you are concerned about lead in your water, you may wish to have your water tested. Information on lead and copper in drinking water, testing methods, and steps you can take to minimize exposure is available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline or at http://wNvw.epa.gov/safeivater/lead. The data hi the tables on the following pages is from the most recent monitoring done in compliance with California drinking water reglilations. Some data may be more than a year old. TABLE 1 — SAMPLING RESULTS SHOWING THE DETECTION OF COLIFORM BACTERIA Microbiological Contaminants Highest No °f Detections No. of months in violation MCL MCLG Typical Source of Bacteria Total Coliform Bacteria 0 0 More than 1 sample in a month with a detection 0 Naturally present in the environment Contaminant # Samples, Average Range MCL MCLG Typical Source of Contaminant Frequency Level Chlorine Residual (ppm) 1 per month 0.52 0.43- 4 4 Drinking water disinfectant added 0 58 for treatment Total Trihalomethanes 1 on 20 N/A 80 N/A By-product of drinking water (ppb) 8/21/15 disinfection Haloacectic Acids (ppb) 1 on 11 N/A 60 N/A By-product of drinking water 8/21/15 1 1 1 1 disinfection 90"' Lead and Copper Sample No. of percentile No. sites samples exceeding AL PHG Typical Source of Contaminant Date collected level AL detected Internal corrosion of household water plumbing systems; Lead (ppb) 12/18/15 5 N/D 0 15 0.2 discharges from industrial manufacturers; erosion of natural deposits Internal corrosion of household Copper (ppm) 12/19/15 5 0.053 0 1.3 0.3 plumbing systems; erosion of natural deposits; leaching from wood preservatives Chemical or Constituent (reporting emits) Sample Date Level Detected Range of Detections MCL PHG (MCI,G) Typical Source of Contaminant Sodium (ppm) 2011 29 N/A N/A N/A I Salt present in the water and is generally naturally occurring Hardness (ppm) 2011 89 N/A N/A N/A Sum of polyvalent cations present in the water, generally magnesium and calcium, and are usually naturally occurring TABLE 5 —UNREGULATED GENERAL MINERALS Chemical or Constituent (reporting units) Sample Date Level Detected Range of Detections MCL [MRDL] PHG (MCLG) MRDLG Typical Source of Contaminant Total Alkalinity (ppm) 2011 130 NIA N/A N/A Erosion of natural deposits Calcium (ppm) 2011 15 N/A N/A N/A Erosion of natural deposits Magnesium (ppm) 2011 13 N/A N/A NIA Erosion of natural deposits ---TADLF,f -DETECTION OF CONTAMINANTS V HII AlaHAARY DRINi O WAfi ST A" Chemical or Constituent (reporting units) Sample Date Level Range of Detected Detections MCL [MRDLJ PHG (MCLG) MRDLG Typical Source of Contaminant Inorganic Contaminants Arsenic (ppb) 2015 2.5 N/D-6.6 10 0.004 Erosion of natural deposits Barium (ppm) 2011 0.11 N/A 1 2 Erosion of natural deposits Fluoride (ppm) 2011 0.12 N/A 2 1 Erosion of natural deposits Radioactive Contaminants Gross Alpha Particle Activity (pCi/L) 2014 N/D N/D 15 0 Erosion of natural deposits Radon (pCi/L) 2005 570 N/A N/A* N/A* Erosion of natural deposits Note The State of California does not have an MCL for Radon. The EPA has an advisory MCL of 4000 pCi/L for Radon. TABLE 7 —DETECTION OF CONTAMINANTS WITH A SECONDARY DR -- Chemical or Constituent (reporting units) Sample Date Level Detected Range of Detections MCL PHG (MCLG) Typical Source of Contaminant Chloride (ppm) 2011 8 N/A 500 500 [Leaching of natural deposits 2015 10 N/D-90 300 300 Leaching of natural deposits Iron (ppb) pH 2O15 8.1 7.9-8.3 N/A N/A Leaching of natural deposits Potassium (ppm) 2011 5.5 N/A N/A N/A Erosion of natural deposits Specific Conductance ([IS/cm) 2011 300 N/A 1600 1600 Substances that form ions when in water. Sulfate 2011 14 N/A 500 500 Leaching of natural deposits Total Dissolved Solids (ppm) 2011 250 N/A 1000 1000 Leaching of natural deposits See next page for terms used in these tables. TERMS USED IN THIS REPORT Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL): The highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. Primary MCLs are set as close to the PHGs (or MCLGs) as is economically and technologically feasible. Secondary MCLs are set to protect the odor, taste, and appearance of drinking water. Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG): The level of a contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MCLGs are set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Public Health Goal (PHG): The level of a contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or expected risk to health. PHGs are set by the California Environmental Protection Agency. Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level (MRDL): The highest level of a disinfectant allowed in drinking water. There is convincing evidence that addition of a disinfectant is necessary for control of microbial contaminants. Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal (MItDLG): The level of a drinking water disinfectant below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MRDLGs do not reflect the benefits of the use of disinfectants to control microbial contaminants. Primary Drinking Water Standards (PDWS): MCLs and MRDLs for contaminants that affect health along with their monitoring and reporting requirements, and water treatment requirements. Secondary Drinking Water Standards (SDWS): MCLs for contaminants that affect taste, odor, or appearance of the drinking water. Contaminants with SDWSs do not affect the health at the MCL levels. Treatment Technique (TT): A required process intended to reduce the level of a contaminant in drinking water. Regulatory Action Level (AL): The concentration of a contaminant which, if exceeded, triggers treatment or other requirements that a water system must follow. Variances and Exemptions: State Board permission to exceed an MCL or not comply with a treatment technique under certain conditions. ND: not detectable at testing limit ppm: parts per million or milligrams per liter (mg/L) ppb: parts per billion or micrograms per liter (µg/L) ppt: parts per trillion or nanograms per liter (ng/L) ppq: parts per quadrillion or picogram per liter (per-) pCi/L: picocuries per liter (a measure of radiation) The sources of drinking water (both tap water and bottled water) include rivers, lakes, streams, ponds, reservoirs, springs, and wells. As water travels over the surface of the land or through the ground, it dissolves naturally -occurring minerals and, in some cases, radioactive material, and can pick up substances resulting from the presence of animals or from human activity. Contaminants that may be present in source water include: • Microbial contaminants, such as viruses and bacteria, that may come from sewage treatment plants, septic systems, agricultural livestock operations, and wildlife. • Inorganic contami�aants, such as salts and metals, that can be naturally -occurring or result from urban stormwater runoff, industrial or domestic wastewater discharges, oil and gas production, mining, or farming. • Pesticides and herbicides, that may come from a variety of sources such as agriculture, urban stormwater runoff, and residential uses. • Organic chemical contaminants, including synthetic and volatile organic chemicals, that are by- products of indush•ial processes and petroleum production, and can also come from gas stations, urban stoirnwater runoff, agricultural application, and septic systems. • Radioactive contar�linants, that can be naturally -occurring or be the result of oil and gas production and mining activities.